【摘要】 目前应对气候变化的国际谈判处于典型的"囚徒困境"状态,为更有效地开展全球气候治理,作者依据"能否保障全球减排目标实现"、"公平性"、"排放的静态配置效率"和"促进减排技术进步的动态效率"等四条标准,比较了国际社会提出的三种气候治理政策工具,即行业技术标准、全球排放税和可交易排放许可。分析表明,行业技术标准类政策工具在四个评价标准方面均不如另外两类工具;而全球排放税的政策工具在排放的静态配置效率方面较行业技术标准类有优势,在其他评价方面的优势也不突出。在可交易排放许可政策工具之下,如果把历史排放纳入全球排放许可范畴并在国别间公平划分,且将所有国家都纳入到该治理工具的适用范围内,则该工具既能有效克服国别间的碳泄漏问题,体现国别间公平性原则,又能促进排放的静态配置效率达到最优,有效促进减排技术的进步,其综合优势最为突出。在可交易排放许可框架下,实行碳关税或其他边境调节措施有违世界贸易组织的原则。更多还原

【Abstract】 The current international negotiation regarding climate change is a typical example of Prisoner’s Dilemma.To govern the global climate change more effectively,this paper compares three alternative policy tools,sector technological/performance standard,global emission tax,and international tradable emission permits.The criteria adopted including the certainty of emission reduction,equity,allocation efficiency,and the effect on technological progress.This paper argues that the international tradable emission permits dominates the other two alternative policy tools,as long as the historical emissions are included in the global permits,and all global permit is entitled evenly to all countries.This paper also argues that the carbon tariff contrast sharply with the principle of WTO,if the international tradable emission permits system be adopted.更多还原